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Customs & Relocation

U.S. Customs & Moving Guide (CBP 3299)

Learn how qualifying unaccompanied household effects may receive duty-free treatment under CBP Form 3299, HTSUS provisions, and 19 CFR § 148.52, plus separate rules for vehicles, pets, food, and restricted items.

Duty-Free Household Goods Eligibility Check

Verify if your international household shipment meets U.S. Customs tax exemption criteria:

The 1-Year Ownership Rule (HTSUS 9804.00.05)

Under U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTSUS) subheading 9804.00.05 and Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR § 148.52), household effects (including furniture, carpets, paintings, books, tableware, and domestic linens) enter duty-free provided:

  • One-Year Foreign Use: Qualifying household effects generally must have been used abroad for at least 1 year by the importer or the importer's family in a qualifying household, and they must not be intended for another person or for sale.
  • 10-Year Timing Rule: As a general rule, household effects arriving more than 10 years after the importer's last arrival in the United States from the country where the effects were used are not admitted free of duty unless the port director accepts an explanation of unavoidable delay. Free entry is not available under this provision after 25 years.
  • Less-Than-One-Year Effects: Household effects used abroad for less than one year are not covered by the one-year free-entry provision and must be separately declared. They may be dutiable under the applicable tariff classification.

Household Effects vs. Personal Effects

CBP distinguishes household effects from personal effects. Household effects include ordinary household furnishings such as furniture, carpets, tableware, books, artwork, and similar items used abroad for at least one year under the applicable rule. Personal effects are items belonging to and used by an individual, such as clothing or jewelry, and are treated under different tariff provisions.

Do not assume that labeling everything in a moving container as a "household effect" makes it duty-free. Each item must be accurately described and declared, and CBP may require evidence supporting the claimed classification and foreign use.

Required U.S. Customs Document Package

The exact customs-document package depends on the shipment, entry method, and whether a broker is used. Common documents and information include the following:

DocumentRequired PurposeFiling Entity
CBP Form 3299Main declaration for duty-free entry under HTSUS 9804.00.05.Completed & signed by Expat
Supporting identity / arrival informationInformation or documents requested to support the Form 3299 declaration, such as importer identity, arrival information, residency/use history, and shipment details.Importer / Broker as applicable
Itemized Inventory ListDetailed box-by-box packing list showing declared value & condition.Expat / International Mover
ISF (10+2), when applicableFor covered ocean cargo, the Importer Security Filing is generally due no later than 24 hours before the cargo is laden aboard the vessel destined for the United States. It is an ocean-cargo security filing, not a universal requirement for air or land shipments.ISF Importer / authorized agent
Customs Power of Attorney, if using a brokerAuthorizes the customs broker to conduct customs business on the importer's behalf.Importer / Broker

Accompanied vs. Unaccompanied Moving Goods

Form 3299 is specifically the Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles. If you travel with your belongings, the customs declaration process can be different. CBP's current moving guidance explains that accompanying goods may be declared on the appropriate traveler declaration, while unaccompanied household effects can use Form 3299 when claiming qualifying free entry.

Your shipping method therefore matters: air freight, an ocean container, a moving shipment, and goods carried with you can involve different entry and documentation procedures.

Important: Household-goods duty-free treatment under HTSUS 9804.00.05 does not replace the separate federal rules governing motor vehicles, dogs, food, plants, wildlife, firearms, medicines, or other regulated products. Those categories can involve EPA, NHTSA, CDC, USDA APHIS, FDA, ATF, Fish and Wildlife, state authorities, or other requirements.

Restricted & Prohibited Household Items

🚫 Strictly Prohibited Items

• Certain fresh fruits, vegetables, seeds, soil, meat, and animal products may be restricted or require APHIS/FDA inspection or permits.
• Wildlife, wildlife products, and endangered-species items may be restricted under federal wildlife laws and CITES requirements.
• Counterfeit or pirated goods can be subject to seizure and other enforcement action.

⚠️ Restricted / Permit Required

Alcohol: Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products must be specifically declared when applicable and can be subject to federal, state, and other import requirements.
Prescription Drugs: Importation is subject to FDA and other federal rules; requirements depend on the medication, quantity, source, and circumstances. Do not assume an original pharmacy bottle and doctor letter alone make an import lawful.
Firearms: Firearm and ammunition imports can require ATF and CBP compliance, and the exact forms depend on the firearm, importer, and applicable exemption or permit.

Importing Foreign Vehicles & Pets

🚗 Foreign Automobile Import Rules (EPA & DOT)

EPA Form 3520-1: Covered passenger vehicles and engines are subject to EPA emissions requirements. EPA has an age-based provision for vehicles over 21 years old only under specific conditions, including engine equivalency; it is not a blanket exemption for every 21+-year-old vehicle.
NHTSA Form HS-7: Vehicles subject to federal motor-vehicle safety standards must satisfy the applicable NHTSA requirements. A vehicle that is at least 25 years old may generally be imported without regard to FMVSS compliance, with the 25-year period measured from the vehicle's manufacture date.
Nonconforming vehicles: A vehicle under 25 years old that was not manufactured to comply with applicable FMVSS generally needs an NHTSA import-eligibility determination and must be imported through the applicable Registered Importer process or other authorized route.

🐶 Updated CDC Dog Import Regulations (2026)

• Dogs entering or returning to the U.S. must be at least 6 months old and have a microchip detectable with a universal scanner.
• A CDC Dog Import Form receipt is required for each dog.
• Dogs that have been only in dog-rabies-free or low-risk countries during the previous 6 months generally have simpler requirements; additional rabies documentation applies to dogs from or exposed to high-risk countries.
• Foreign-vaccinated dogs that have been in a high-risk country during the previous 6 months generally must arrive at an airport with a CDC-registered animal care facility and have the required rabies documentation, unless a specific exception applies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

CBP Form 3299 is the Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles. It is used to support a claim for free entry of qualifying unaccompanied household and personal effects under the applicable provisions of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule and Customs regulations. It is not a blanket duty-free authorization for every item in a moving shipment; articles that do not qualify must be separately declared and may be dutiable or subject to other requirements.

Under 19 CFR § 148.52 and the applicable HTSUS provisions, qualifying household effects generally must have been used abroad for at least one year by the importer or the importer's family in a household in which the importer or family member was a resident during that period, and they must not be intended for another person or for sale. Ownership by the importer for the entire one-year period is not the only way the rule can be satisfied.

Vehicle imports can require EPA and NHTSA declarations in addition to CBP entry documentation. EPA Form 3520-1 is used for covered vehicles and engines, while NHTSA Form HS-7 addresses federal motor vehicle safety requirements. A CBP entry summary such as Form 7501 may be required depending on the entry and customs process. Nonconforming vehicles can require additional eligibility and Registered Importer procedures, so the exact documents depend on the vehicle, its age, country of manufacture, conformity status, and entry circumstances.

All dogs entering or returning to the United States must have a CDC Dog Import Form receipt, and dogs must be at least 6 months old and have a microchip that can be detected with a universal scanner. Additional requirements depend on where the dog has been during the previous 6 months and where it was vaccinated. Dogs that have been only in dog-rabies-free or low-risk countries generally have simpler requirements, while dogs from or exposed to high-risk countries can require additional rabies documentation, a CDC-registered animal care facility, and an approved port of entry.

Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products must be specifically declared when applicable and can be subject to federal, state, and other import requirements; they are not automatically covered by the household-effects duty-free provision. Food, plants, seeds, meat, animal products, and other agricultural or regulated items may require inspection, permits, declarations, or other agency requirements. FDA prior notice applies to covered food imports, but not every food item in a household shipment should be described simply as a commercial-food import.

CBP examinations can cause storage, handling, drayage, terminal, or other commercial charges depending on the shipment and port. These costs are generally matters between the importer, carrier, terminal, mover, broker, and other service providers rather than a single CBP rule making the importer legally responsible for every charge in every circumstance. Review the moving and shipping contract carefully and ask the carrier or broker how examination-related charges are allocated.
Official U.S. Government References

CBP Form 3299: Declaration for Free Entry of Unaccompanied Articles
CBP Moving Household Goods Guidance: CBP household-goods guidance
CDC Dog Import Form & Instructions: CDC Dog Import Form
EPA Importing Vehicles and Engines: EPA vehicle import requirements
NHTSA Vehicle Importation: NHTSA importing vehicles